گذشته کامل
عملکرد های گذشته کامل
گذشته کامل برای بیان دو رویداد که در گذشته اتفاق افتاده است، به کار می رود. زمان گذشته کامل برای این استفاده میشود تا مشخص کند یک اتفاق قبل از اتفاقی دیگر در گذشته رخ داده است. مهم نیست که کدام اتفاق اول گفته شود اما این زمان مشخص میکند، که کدامیک از این اتفاق ها اول صورت گرفته است(have , had ).
در این مثال ها رویداد A رویدادی است که اول رخ داده و رویداد B رویدادی است که بعد از آن رخ داده است.
| Event B ( B رویداد ) | Event A ( A رویداد ) |
| Event_B.1 | Event_A.1 |
| When I arrived in the office. |
John had gone out |
| Event_B.2 | Event_A.2 |
| Before the computer crashed. |
I had saved my document |
| Event_B.3 | Event_A.3 |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| Event_B.4 | Event_A.4 |
| He was very tired | Because he hadn’t slept well. |
برای درک بهتر زمان گذشته کامل به عکس زیر توجه کنید.
گرامر زبان انگلیسی – زمان کذشته کامل
ساختن گذشته کامل
زمان گذشته کامل در انگلیسی از دو بخش تشکیل شده است. حالت گذشته فعل to have + شکل سوم فعل
|
Affirmative (اخباری) |
||
| Subject(فاعل) | +had | past participle (صفت مفعولی) |
| She | had | given |
|
Negative (منفی) |
||
| Subject | +had not | past participle |
| She | hadn’t | asked. |
|
Interrogative (سوالی) |
||
| Subject | +had | past participle |
| Had | they | arrived? |
|
Interrogative Negative (سوالی منفی) |
||
| Subject | had | past participle |
| Hadn’t | you | finished? |
TO DECIDE , PAST PERFECT
| Affirmative (اخباری) | Negative (منفی) | Interrogative (سوالی) |
| I had decided | I hadn’t decided | Had I decided? |
| You had decided | You hadn’t decided | Had you decided? |
| She had decided | She hadn’t decided | Had she decided? |
| We had decided | We hadn’t decided | Had we decided? |
| They had decided | They hadn’t decided | Had they decided? |
|
Affirmative (اخباری) |
I had decided |
|
Negative (منفی) |
I hadn’t decided |
|
Interrogative (سوالی) |
Had I decided? |
__________________________
|
Affirmative (اخباری) |
You had decided |
|
Negative (منفی) |
You hadn’t decided |
|
Interrogative (سوالی) |
Had you decided? |
_________________________
|
Affirmative (اخباری) |
She had decided |
|
Negative (منفی) |
She hadn’t decided |
|
Interrogative (سوالی) |
Had she decided? |
__________________________
|
Affirmative (اخباری) |
We had decided |
|
Negative (منفی) |
We hadn’t decided |
|
Interrogative (سوالی) |
Had we decided? |
__________________________
|
Affirmative (اخباری) |
They had decided |
|
Negative (منفی) |
They hadn’t decided |
|
Interrogative (سوالی) |
Had they decided? |
گذشته کامل + just
قید Just با گذشته کامل استفاده میشود تا به اتفاقی اشاره کند که تنها کمی زودتر از اتفاق دیگر صورت گرفته است. برای مثال:
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.
اگر علاقه مند به مطالعه بیشتر در مورد حالت های دیگر زمان کامل هستید، اینجا کلیک کنید